Breast Cancer

Like other cancers, breast cancer is an uncontrolled growth of breast cells. Breast cancer occurs as a result of abnormal changes or mutation in the genes responsible for regulating the healthy growth of breast. The genes are in each cell’s nucleus, which acts as the “controller” of concern cell.
Mutation in gene disturb/mislead the normal process of the cell, because of that cells starts abnormaly and uncontrolled growth, producing more cells just like it and forming a tumor like structure.

This abnormal tumour-like growth can be benign (not cancerous) or malignant (cancerous property). Benign tumours are close to normal in appearance, they grow comparatively slowly, and they do not invade or spread to nearby tissue and other parts of the body. As malignant cells have the potential to grow as cancer If they left unchecked or untreated, they eventually can spread to nearby tissue and beyond an original tumour to other parts of the body.

Types of Breast cancer include:

Angiosarcoma
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
Inflammatory breast cancer
Invasive lobular carcinoma
Male breast cancer
Paget's disease of the breast
Recurrent breast cancer

Most common signs and symptoms include:

A breast lump or thickening that feels different from the surrounding tissue
Change in the size, shape or appearance of a breast
Changes to the skin over the breast, such as dimpling
A newly inverted nipple
Peeling, scaling, crusting or flaking of the pigmented area of skin surrounding the nipple (areola) or breast skin
Redness or pitting of the skin over your breast, like the skin of an orange

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Mastectomy and post surgery Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy

Mastectomy is the removal of the whole breast. There are five different types of mastectomy: "simple" or "total" mastectomy, modified radical mastectomy, radical mastectomy, partial mastectomy, and subcutaneous (nipple-sparing) mastectomy.

After surgery:

Radiation therapy uses high-powered beams of energy, such as X-rays and protons, to kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy is typically done using a large machine that aims the energy beams at your body (external beam radiation). But radiation can also be done by placing radioactive material inside your body (brachytherapy). External beam radiation of the whole breast is commonly used after a lumpectomy. Breast brachytherapy may be an option after a lumpectomy if you have a low risk of cancer recurrence.

Chemotherapy uses drugs to destroy fast-growing cells, such as cancer cells. If your cancer has a high risk of returning or spreading to another part of your body, your doctor may recommend chemotherapy after surgery to decrease the chance that cancer will recur. Chemotherapy is sometimes given before surgery in women with larger breast tumours. The goal is to shrink a tumour to a size that makes it easier to remove with surgery.

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